Journal
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
Volume 54, Issue 8, Pages 5684-5693Publisher
ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-12445
Keywords
lipofuscin; melanin; quantitative fundus autofluorescence; retina; retinal pigment epithelium; scanning laser ophthalmoscope
Categories
Funding
- National Eye Institute [R24 EY019861, NEI R01 EY015520]
- Foundation Fighting Blindness
- New York City Community Trust
- Roger H. Johnson Fund (University of Washington, Seattle)
- Research to Prevent Blindness
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PURPOSE. Fundus autofluorescence was quantified (qAF) in subjects with healthy retinae using a standardized approach. The objective was to establish normative data and identify factors that influence the accumulation of RPE lipofuscin and/or modulate the observed AF signal in fundus images. METHODS. AF images were acquired from 277 healthy subjects (age range: 5-60 years) by employing a Spectralis confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (cSLO; 488-nm excitation; 308) equipped with an internal fluorescent reference. For each image, mean gray level was calculated as the average of eight preset regions, and was calibrated to the reference, zero-laser light, magnification, and optical media density from normative data on lens transmission spectra. Relationships between qAF and age, sex, race/ethnicity, eye color, refraction/axial length, and smoking status were evaluated as was measurement repeatability and the qAF spatial distribution. RESULTS. qAF levels exhibited a significant increase with age. qAF increased with increasing eccentricity up to 108 to 158 from the fovea and was highest superotemporally. qAF values were significantly greater in females, and, compared with Hispanics, qAF was significantly higher in whites and lower in blacks and Asians. No associations with axial length and smoking were observed. For two operators, between-session repeatability was +/- 9% and +/- 12%. Agreement between the operators was +/- 13%. CONCLUSIONS. Normative qAF data are a reference tool essential to the interpretation of qAF measurements in ocular disease.
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