Journal
LEARNING AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
Volume 26, Issue -, Pages 177-184Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2013.01.008
Keywords
Late talking; Language disorders; Language impairment; Learning disabilities; Language development
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Funding
- NIDCD NIH HHS [F31 DC010960] Funding Source: Medline
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To better understand early predictors of weak language and academic abilities, we identified children with and without weak abilities at age 8. We then looked back at age 2 vocabulary and word combining, and evaluated these measures as predictors of age 8 outcomes. More than 60% of children with weak oral language abilities at 8 were not late talkers at 2. However, no word combining at 2 was a significant risk factor for poor oral language, reading comprehension, and math outcomes at 8. The association of no word combining with age 8 reading comprehension and math ability was mediated by age 8 oral language ability. The findings indicate that children take different developmental pathways to weak language abilities in middle childhood. One begins with a delayed onset of language. A second begins with language measures in the typical range, but ends with language ability falling well below typical peers. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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