Analysis of the convective characteristics during the mutual evolution of an inverted trough/low vortex and its induced rainstorm over the northeastern Sichuan basin, China

Based on a variety of ground-based and satellite-derived observational data, we studied a flood-rainstorm event that occurred over northeastern Sichuan, China, from the 8th to the 14th of September 2014. Four periods of mesoscale convective system (MCS) activity were found during a mutual evolution process of an 850-hPa basin inverted trough (BIT) and 850-hPa basin low vortex (BLV). Among them, the first three periods occurred in an alternating evolution of the BIT and BLV (called the first stage), and then, the fourth period was stimulated by continuous activity of the BLV (called the second stage). During the first stage, MCSs enhanced (weakened) under the situation of the BIT (BLV), and then during the second stage MCSs developed to their strongest levels. Further analysis of the reasons behind the enhancement and weakening of MCSs revealed an obvious characteristic of upper level (lower level) positive (negative) divergence in the BIT situation of the first stage and BLV situation of the second stage. By comparison, under the BLV situation of the first stage, the vertical helicity was larger in the upward airflow of the zonal circulation, and the direction of the wet Q-vector was toward the ascending airflow in the vertical direction. In the horizontal direction, the negative divergence of the wet Q-vector corresponded to the position of water vapor flux convergence. In addition, in the early development of convection, sounding data showed a humidity profile of dry upper and wet lower levels, as well as a larger value of convective available potential energy, which triggered convective activity under the favorable dynamic conditions of atmosphere. When the above characteristics weakened, the convective activity also weakened. Therefore, the formation of multiple convective systems was closely related to the adjustment in atmospheric conditions around the BIT and BLV.