Broader Spectrum of β-Thalassemia Mutations in Oman: Regional Distribution and Comparison with Neighboring Countries

The objective of this study was to expand and study the molecular spectrum of beta-thalassemia (beta-thal) mutations in Oman by examining cases from seven different regions and comparing the prevalence with neighboring countries. A total of 446 cases of beta hemoglobinopathies was obtained and analyzed to determine the frequency and distribution of the different beta alleles. The molecular spectrum of beta-thal in Oman revealed the presence of 32 mutations from different origins and 11 alleles are reported for the first time in the Omani population. The wide heterogeneous spectrum of beta-thal mutations found can be associated with the history of trade and migration as well as the past domination from other countries. The presented data will facilitate the development of a comprehensive prevention strategy in Oman.