Journal
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC BEHAVIOR & ORGANIZATION
Volume 93, Issue -, Pages 248-257Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2013.03.018
Keywords
Cheating; Fare evasion; Individual characteristics; Unethical behavior
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What are the individual demographic characteristics that correlate with unethical behavior? To answer this question we randomly interviewed 541 passengers who used the bus in Reggio Emilia (Italy). Exploiting the high level of fare evasion (43% without a valid ticket) we find that young individuals, males and non-European immigrants in our sample are more likely to travel without a ticket. Interestingly, traveling with other people correlates with the probability of holding a valid ticket but its effect depends on who the passenger and the others are. Finally, we find that all passengers' beliefs on fine costs, ticket inspection frequency, and percentage of passengers without a ticket are surprisingly close to actual figures. However, cheaters perceive inspections as more frequent than those traveling with a valid ticket. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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