Advancing the frontiers of silk fibroin protein-based materials for futuristic electronics and clinical wound-healing

The present review will introduce the basic concepts of silk-based electronics/optoelectronics including the latest technological advances on the use of silk fibroin in combination with other functional components, with an emphasis on improving the performance of next-generation silk-based materials. It also highlights the patterning of silk fibroin to produce micro/nano-scale features, as well as the functionalization of silk fibroin to impart antimicrobial (i.e. antibacterial) properties. Silk-based bioelectronics have great potential for advanced or futuristic bio-applications including e-skins, e-bandages, biosensors, wearable displays, implantable devices, artificial muscles, etc. Notably, silk-based organic field-effect transistors have highly promising applications in e skins and biosensors; silk-based electrodes/antennas are used for in vivo bioanalysis or sensing purpose (e.g., measurement of neurotransmitter such as dopamine) in addition to their use as food sensors; silk-based diodes can be applied as light sources for wound healing or tissue engineering, e.g., in cutaneous wound closure or induction of photothrombosis of comeal neovascularization; silk-based actuators have promising applications as artificial muscles; whereas silk-based memristors have exciting applications as logic or synaptic network for realizing e-skins or bionic brains.