Enhanced low temperature electrochemical performances of LiFePO4/C by V3+and F- co-doping

V3+ and F co-doped LiFePO4/C cathode materials are prepared via a facile wet milling-spray drying-carbothermal reduction (WSC) process. The obtained products have bowl-like morphologies with the diameters from 5 to 10 mu m, which are composed of numerous nanoparticles smaller than 100 nm integrated by carbon network. The effects of ion doping are studied. V3+ and F co-doped LiFePO4/C shows improved electrochemical performance, which delivers a discharge capacity of 136 mAh.g(-1) (10 C) at 20 degrees C. At 0 degrees C, a capacity of 86 mAh.g(-1) (10 C) can be obtained, which is 20 mAh.g(-1) higher than LiFePO4/C. In addition, the V3+ and F co-doped LiFePO4/C shows excellent cycle performances. The improved performance of V3+ and F co-doped LiFePO4/C is due to the low charge transfer resistance, enhanced electrical conductivity and the holes on the surface of particles which can provide more ion transport channel. (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.