Journal
MARINE DRUGS
Volume 16, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
MDPI AG
DOI: 10.3390/md16010017
Keywords
pufferfish; boxfish; porcupinefish; tetrodotoxin; saxitoxins; liver tissue slice; in vitro incubation; paralytic shellfish toxins
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Funding
- Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan [H27-Shokuhin-Ippan-009]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [16K18750] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Although pufferfish of the family Tetraodontidae contain high levels of tetrodotoxin (TTX) mainly in the liver, some species of pufferfish, boxfish of the family Ostraciidae, and porcupinefish of the family Diodontidae do not. To clarify the mechanisms, uptake of TTX and saxitoxins (STXs) into liver tissue slices of pufferfish, boxfish and porcupinefish was examined. Liver tissue slices of the pufferfish (toxic species Takifugu rubripes and non-toxic species Lagocephalus spadiceus, L. cheesemanii and Sphoeroides pachygaster) incubated with 50 mu M TTX accumulated TTX (0.99-1.55 mu g TTX/mg protein) after 8 h, regardless of the toxicity of the species. In contrast, in liver tissue slices of boxfish (Ostracion immaculatus) and porcupinefish (Diodon holocanthus, D. liturosus, D. hystrix and Chilomycterus reticulatus), TTX content did not increase with incubation time, and was about 0.1 mu g TTX/mg protein. When liver tissue slices were incubated with 50 mu M STXs for 8 h, the STXs content was <0.1 mu g STXs/mg protein, irrespective of the fish species. These findings indicate that, like the toxic species of pufferfish T. rubripes, non-toxic species such as L. spadiceus, L. cheesemanii and S. pachygaster, potentially take up TTX into the liver, while non-toxic boxfish and porcupinefish do not take up either TTX or STXs.
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