Journal
KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL
Volume 93, Issue 3, Pages 545-559Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.11.007
Keywords
antiretroviral therapy; APOL1; CKD progression; HIV; immune complex kidney disease; podocytopathy; renal pathology
Categories
Funding
- KDIGO
- National Institute on Drug Abuse
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
- NIH/NIDDK
- Gilead Sciences
- Merck Sharp Dohme
- ViiV Healthcare
- Adcock Ingram
- Medical Research Council of South Africa
- Akebia
- Amgen
- Bio Nano Consulting
- Boehringer Ingelheim
- Bristol Myers Squibb
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Janssen
- Otsuka
- UCB Celltech
- Vifor Fresenius Medical Care Renal Pharma
- Australian National Health & Medical Research Council
- British Heart Foundation
- Healthcare Quality Improvement Partnership
- Kidney Research UK
- National Institute for Health Research
- AMAG Pharmaceuticals
- AstraZeneca
- Bayer
- Daiichi Sankyo
- Medtronic
- Relypsa
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HIV-positive individuals are at increased risk for kidney disease, including HIV-associated nephropathy, noncollapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, immune-complex kidney disease, and comorbid kidney disease, as well as kidney injury resulting from prolonged exposure to antiretroviral therapy or from opportunistic infections. Clinical guidelines for kidney disease prevention and treatment in HIV-positive individuals are largely extrapolated from studies in the general population, and do not fully incorporate existing knowledge of the unique HIV-related pathways and genetic factors that contribute to the risk of kidney disease in this population. We convened an international panel of experts in nephrology, renal pathology, and infectious diseases to define the pathology of kidney disease in the setting of HIV infection; describe the role of genetics in the natural history, diagnosis, and treatment of kidney disease in HIV-positive individuals; characterize the renal risk-benefit of antiretroviral therapy for HIV treatment and prevention; and define best practices for the prevention and management of kidney disease in HIV-positive individuals.
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