The regulatory effect of Genistein on granulosa cell in ovary of rat with PCOS through Bcl-2 and Bax signaling pathways

The effect of genistein on Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression in the ovarian tissue of rats with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) was evaluated. Sixty rats were divided into six groups. Rats in the Dose group received genistein at a concentration of either 5 (L-gen), 10 (M-Gen) or 20 (H-Gen) mg per kg of body weight per day. The expression of Bcl-2 mRNA and Bax mRNA was determined by in situ hybridization. Bcl-2 and Bax protein concentration was quantified by ELISA. The results showed that the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA and Bcl-2 protein was significantly higher in the high genistein Dose group (H-Gen) when compared to the Model group (MG) (P<0.05). Genistein induced higher expression of the Bcl-2 gene at the transcriptional and translational level. Treatment with genistein resulted in an improvement of ovarian function with Bcl-2 expression being enhanced and Bax expression being suppressed. These alterations may be due to the structural and functional modifications that take place in these cells, and could be related to apoptotic changes that occur in rats with PCOS.