Knowledge Networks and Processes of Anchoring in Portuguese Biotechnology

Knowledge networks and processes of anchoring in Portuguese biotechnology, Regional Studies. This paper focuses on the knowledge networks and processes of anchoring in Portuguese biotechnology firms. It argues that distant knowledge networks are absolutely necessary to promote biotechnology emergence and early growth in non-high-technology regions such as Portugal. Hence, localized knowledge interactions become essential to anchor, that is, absorb and recontextualize mobile knowledge in place. Moreover, it is also argued that besides intentional firms' agency, the evolution of these networks has been influenced by institutional supports at different spatial scales, namely the presence of a (still) fragile bio-institutional environment in Portugal, European and national funding schemes, and networking platforms and active brokerage.