Journal
JOURNAL OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
Volume 47, Issue -, Pages 45-52Publisher
ELSEVIER GMBH
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.01.015
Keywords
Biogenic silica; NanoSIMS; Silicic acid; Callose; Horsetail; Fungal infection
Funding
- NERC
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/I026584/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- EPSRC [EP/I026584/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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Horsetail (Equisetum arvense) plants grew healthily for 10 weeks under both Si-deficient and Si-replete conditions. After 10 weeks, plants grown under Si-deficient conditions succumbed to fungal infection. We have used NanoSIMS and fluorescence microscopy to investigate silica deposition in the tissues of these plants. Horsetail grown under Si-deficient conditions did not deposit identifiable amounts of silica in their tissues. Plants grown under Si-replete conditions accumulated silica throughout their tissues and especially in the epidermis of the outer side of the leaf and the furrow region of the stem where it was continuous and often, as a double layer suggestive of a barrier function. We have previously shown, both in vivo (in horsetail and thale cress) and in vitro (using an undersaturated solution of Si(OH)(4)), that callose is a catalyst of plant silica deposition. Here we support this finding by comparing the deposition of silica to that of callose and by showing that they are co-localized. We propose the existence of a synergistic mechanical protection by callose and silica against pathogens in horsetail, whereby the induction of callose synthesis and deposition is the first, biochemical line of defence and callose-induced precipitation of silica is the second, adventitious mechanical barrier.
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