Journal
HEAD AND NECK-JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES AND SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK
Volume 37, Issue 7, Pages 1057-1072Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/hed.23696
Keywords
head and neck cancer; cancer cachexia and anorexia; pathophysiology; multimodal treatment; clinical trials
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Funding
- NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL104129] Funding Source: Medline
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The pathophysiology of cancer cachexia remains complex. A comprehensive literature search was performed up to April 2013 using PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and the Google search engine. In this review, we focus on the different mediators of impaired anabolism and upregulated catabolism that alter the skeletal muscle homeostasis resulting in the wasting of cancer cachexia. We present recent evidence of targeted treatment modalities from clinical trials along with their potential mechanisms of action. We also report on the most current evidence from randomized clinical trials using multimodal treatments in patients with cancer cachexia, but also the evidence from head and neck cancer-specific trials. A more complete understanding of the pathophysiology of the syndrome may lead to more effective targeted therapies and improved outcomes for patients. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 1057-1072, 2015
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