Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH
Volume 6, Issue -, Pages 597-603Publisher
DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD
DOI: 10.2147/IJWH.S59852
Keywords
oral; injectable; implant; cholesterol; body mass index
Categories
Funding
- University of Ghana-Danish Universities Academic Partnership, under the platform of human health (PHH) in the Building Stronger Universities (BSU) program
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Background: Hormonal contraceptives (HCs) have been shown to alter lipid profile among various population groups with different patterns of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular (CV) risk. The study aimed at determining the lipid profile pattern and CV risk in a Ghanaian cohort. Methods: Purposive random sampling was done. Forty-seven and 19 cases were on oral contraceptives (OCs) and injectable contraceptives (ICs), respectively; five were on subdermal implant. Twenty-four non-users served as controls. Biodemographic and lipid profiles were determined. Total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), low- density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), and very-low-density lipid lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDLC), were determined. Castelli index I and II were calculated. Results: The mean age difference between the HC and control groups was insignificant. However, diastolic blood pressure (BP) differences were significant (P=0.006). The body mass index (BMI) of the OC and IC groups were significantly different from the control group (P=0.003 and P= 0.008, respectively). TC levels for the control and case groups were 3.35 +/- 0.62 mmol/L and 4.07 +/- 0.91 mmol/L, respectively (P=0.002). LDLC levels for the control and case groups were 1.74 +/- 0.57 mmol/L and 2.38 +/- 0.84 mmol/L, respectively (P=0.003). Castelli index I (TC/HDLC) and II (LDLC/HDLC) were significantly different between the control and OC groups (P=0.026 and P=0.014, respectively). Spearman's rho correlation showed significant influence of HC use on TG (P=0.026), TC (P=0.000), LDLC (P=0.004), and VLDLC (P=0.026) over time. Conclusion: HC use is associated with significant increases in BMI, diastolic BP, TC, LDLC, and Castelli index I and II. These changes carry a potential risk in the development of CV disease.
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