Journal
JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY
Volume 113, Issue -, Pages 115-133Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsg.2018.05.015
Keywords
Bed-parallel slip; Fault segmentation; Minor faulting; Flexural-slip
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Funding
- Higher Education Authority (HEA) through the Programme for Research at Third Level Institutions, Cycle 5 (PRTLI-5)
- European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)
- QUAFF project - Anadarko
- BG
- BP
- ConocoPhillips
- ENI
- ExxonMobil
- Marathon
- Statoil
- Total
- Woodside
- Tullow Oil
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Normal faulting in Kardia Lignite Mine within the Pliocene-Quaternary Ptolemais Basin, Northern Greece, was associated with broadly contemporaneous top to the north bed-parallel slip arising from hangingwall rollover on a km-scale displacement normal fault outside the mine. The direction of bed-parallel slip is perpendicular to the strike of minor normal faults (< 50 m displacement), which therefore provide markers for measuring the magnitude of bed-parallel slip. Associated slip data measured during 6 years of mine extraction provide constraints on the nature and kinematics of slip distributions over bed-parallel slip-surfaces, a generic issue which has previously not been possible to analyse for other extensional fault systems. Bed-parallel slip gradients lie within the range of fault displacement gradients observed in global datasets, but are lower than the gradients developed on normal faults in Kardia mine. Bed-parallel slip-surfaces are segmented both parallel and normal to the slip direction and form both soft- and hard-linked relay zones on a wide range of scales. Zones of layer-bound minor normal faults, forming extensional duplexes or arrays of bookshelf faults between bounding slip-surfaces, accommodate the transfer of slip across associated releasing relay zones.
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