Journal
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
Volume 373, Issue -, Pages 172-183Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.11.014
Keywords
Li-ion battery; Elevated temperature; Electrolyte additives; Electrode degradation; Cell swelling
Funding
- High Value Manufacturing Catapult Centre at the University of Warwick
- Energy Innovation Centre, WMG at the University of Warwick
- EPSRC [EP/M009394/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/M009394/1] Funding Source: researchfish
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A comprehensive study on high temperature cycling (80 degrees C) of industrial manufactured Li-ion pouch cells (NMC-111/Graphite) filled with different electrolytes is introduced. Ageing processes such as capacity fade, resistance increase and gas generation are reduced by the choice of appropriate electrolyte formulations. However, even by using additive formulations designed for elevated temperatures a large resistance increase is observed after 200 cycles and more (which does not happen at 55 degrees C). Symmetrical EIS (Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy) shows that the cathodic charge transfer resistance is the main reason for this behaviour. Nonetheless most of the active Li is still available when cycling with suitable additives. No change of the cathode crystalline structure or a growth of the cathodic surface reconstruction layer is observed post cycling at 80 degrees C. Therefore a disintegration of NMC secondary particles is believed to be the main reason of the cell failure. A separation of single grains is leading to new decomposition and reconstruction layers between primary particles and an increased charge transfer resistance. Further approaches to improve the high temperature cycle stability of NMC based materials should therefore be aimed at the cathode particles morphology in combination with similar electrolyte formulations as used in this study.
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