Journal
CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS
Volume 35, Issue 3, Pages 351-356Publisher
SCIENCE PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(12)60755-4
Keywords
Nano-calcium oxide; Eggshell waste; Biocatalyst; Pyrano[4,3-b]pyrans; Ball-mill
Funding
- Iran National Science Foundation (INSF)
- Graduate University of Advanced Technology [91004279]
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Nano-CaO was prepared by calcination of ball-milled chicken eggshell waste. This novel, bioactive, heterogeneous catalyst, which had high catalytic activity and reusability, was used in the green synthesis of pyrano[4,3-b]pyrans via condensation of various aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile, and 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one at 120 C under solvent-free conditions. The reaction proceeded to completion within 5-45 min in 93%-98% yield. The nano-CaO was fully characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, and thermal gravimetric, surface area, and elemental analyses. (C) 2014, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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