Journal
BRAIN SCIENCES
Volume 4, Issue 1, Pages 49-72Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/brainsci4010049
Keywords
brain-computer interfaces; real-time electrophysiology; adaptive design optimization; hypothesis testing; Bayesian model comparison; Bayesian Decision Theory; generative models of brain functions; cognitive neuroscience
Categories
Funding
- French ANR [ANR-DEFIS 09-EMER-002]
- Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale
- MEEGAPERF
- European Research Council
- Universite de Lyon [ANR-11-LABX-0042]
- French National Research Agency (ANR) [ANR-11-IDEX-0007]
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Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) mostly rely on electrophysiological brain signals. Methodological and technical progress has largely solved the challenge of processing these signals online. The main issue that remains, however, is the identification of a reliable mapping between electrophysiological measures and relevant states of mind. This is why BCIs are highly dependent upon advances in cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging research. Recently, psychological theories became more biologically plausible, leading to more realistic generative models of psychophysiological observations. Such complex interpretations of empirical data call for efficient and robust computational approaches that can deal with statistical model comparison, such as approximate Bayesian inference schemes. Importantly, the latter enable the optimization of a model selection error rate with respect to experimental control variables, yielding maximally powerful designs. In this paper, we use a Bayesian decision theoretic approach to cast model comparison in an online adaptive design optimization procedure. We show how to maximize design efficiency for individual healthy subjects or patients. Using simulated data, we demonstrate the face-and construct-validity of this approach and illustrate its extension to electrophysiology and multiple hypothesis testing based on recent psychophysiological models of perception. Finally, we discuss its implications for basic neuroscience and BCI itself.
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