Journal
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
Volume 122, Issue 22, Pages 11709-11719Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b02933
Keywords
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Funding
- Office of Science, Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
- Canadian Foundation for Innovation
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Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are a promising and sustainable alternative to internal combustion engines for automotive applications. Polymeric perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) plays a key role in PEMFCs as a proton conductor in the anode and cathode catalyst layers and in the electrolyte membrane. In this study, spectroscopic scanning coherent diffraction imaging (spectro-ptychography) and spectro-ptychographic tomography were used to quantitatively image PFSA ionomers in PEMFC cathodes in both two and three dimensions. We verify that soft X-ray ptychography gives significant spatial resolution improvement on soft matter polymeric materials. A two-dimensional spatial resolution of better than 15 nm was achieved. With better detectors and brighter and more coherent X-ray beams, radiation-sensitive PFSA ionomers will be visualized with acceptable levels of chemical and structural modification. This work is a step toward visualization of ionomers in PEMFC cathodes at high spatial resolution (presently sub-15 nm, but ultimately below 10 nm), which will be transformative with respect to optimization of PEMFCs for automotive use.
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