Journal
JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY
Volume 51, Issue -, Pages 56-68Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.09.019
Keywords
High-fat diet; Programming; Endocannabinoid system; Brown adipose tissue; Hypothalamus; Leptin
Funding
- Carlos Chagas Filho Research Foundation of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) [E-26/202.816/2015]
- Coordination for the Enhancement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES)
- National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Brazil [473807/2013-0]
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Early life inadequate nutrition triggers developmental adaptations and adult chronic disease. Maternal high-fat (HF) diet promotes visceral obesity and hypothalamic leptin resistance in male rat offspring at weaning and adulthood. Obesity is related to over active endocannabinoid system (ECS). The ECS consists mainly of endogenous ligands, cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2), and the enzymes fatty acid anandamide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL). We hypothesized that perinatal maternal HF diet would regulate offspring ECS in hypothalamus and brown adipose tissue (BAT) at birth, prior to visceral obesity development, and program food preference and energy expenditure of adult offspring. Female rats received control diet (C, 9% fat) or isocaloric high-fat diet (HF, 28% fat) for 8 weeks before mating, and throughout gestation and lactation. We evaluated C and HF offspring at birth and adulthood. At birth, maternal HF diet decreased leptinemia and increased hypothalamic CB1, orexin-A, and proopiomelanocortin while it decreased thyrotropin-releasing hormone (Trh) in male pups. Differentially, maternal HF diet increased hypothalamic CB2 in female pups. In BAT, maternal HF diet decreased CB1 and increased CB2 in male and female pups, respectively. Besides presenting different molecular ECS profile at birth, HF adult offspring developed overweight, higher adiposity and high-fat diet preference, independently of the sex, but only males presented hyperleptinemia and higher energy expenditure. In conclusion, maternal HF diet alters ECS components and energy metabolism targets in hypothalamus and BAT of offspring at birth, in a sex-specific manner, which may contribute for hyperphagia, food preference and higher adiposity later in life. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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