Journal
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
Volume 44, Issue 7, Pages 1349-1360Publisher
CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1017/S0033291713001979
Keywords
personalized medicine; experience sampling methodology; mechanisms; networks; major depressive disorder; Ecological momentary assessment
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Funding
- Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) innovational research grant [916.76.147]
- Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw) [171001002]
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The examination of moment-to-moment, 'micro-level' patterns of experience and behaviour using experience sampling methodology has contributed to our understanding of the 'macro-level' development of full-blown symptoms and disorders. This paper argues that the micro-level perspective can be used to identify the smallest building blocks underlying the onset and course of mental ill-health. Psychopathology may be the result of the continuous dynamic interplay between micro-level moment-to-moment experiences and behavioural patterns over time. Reinforcing loops between momentary states may alter the course of mental health towards either a more or less healthy state. An example with observed data, from a population of individuals with depressive symptoms, supports the validity of a dynamic network model of psychopathology and shows that together and over time, this continuous interplay between momentary states may result in the cluster of symptoms we call major depressive disorder. This approach may help conceptualize the nature of mental disorders, and generate individualized insights useful for diagnosis and treatment in psychiatry.
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