Journal
JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY
Volume 18, Issue 5, Pages 3722-3728Publisher
AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS
DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2018.14621
Keywords
TiO2 Nanoparticles; Melanoma; Photodynamic Therapy; Apoptosis
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Funding
- National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (MCTI/CNPQ) [CNPq/485978/2012-1, 14/2012]
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Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has attracted attention as a photosensitizer in the field of photodynamic therapy (PDT) due to its low toxicity and high photostability. In the present work, nitrogen-doped TiO2 (N-TiO2) nanoparticles had their photokilling efficiency evaluated on a murine melanoma cell line (B16-F10) and fibroblasts (NIH 3T3). The N-TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared by a modified hydrogen peroxide sol-gel process using triethylamine as nitrogen precursor. XRD measurements showed that all TiO2 and N-TiO2 samples consisted of an anatase crystalline phase and no trace of rutile was detected. N-TiO2 nanoparticles showed higher absorbance in the visible region than pure TiO2. Nanoparticle dosage increase from 0.1 mg/ml to 0.5 mg/ml played a role in cell viability, causing high cytotoxicity in melanoma and fibroblast cells. The cytotoxic potential of N-TiO2 on cells was analyzed using visible light, UV-A irradiation and dark conditions. All samples were cytotoxic in a PDT test, and N-TiO2 caused 93% death in melanoma cells under UV irradiation treatment at 0.5 mg/ml. Gene expression analysis of this sample showed, under ultraviolet photoexcitation, an increase of pro-apoptotic BAX gene expression, suggesting cell death by apoptosis.
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