Journal
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
Volume 30, Issue 2, Pages -Publisher
ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002145
Keywords
Calcium chloride; Calcium oxychloride; Volume change; Phase diagram
Categories
Funding
- National Ready Mix Concrete Association (NRMCA)
- Portland Cement Association (PCA)
- pooled fund by the Oklahoma Department of Transportation [TP-5(297)]
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Calcium chloride (CaCl2) from deicing salts can react chemically with calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] from hydrated cement paste to form an expansive product, calcium oxychloride, that can damage concrete. This paper uses two experimental techniques, volume change measurement and low temperature differential scanning calorimetry (LT-DSC), to characterize the phase transitions associated with the formation of calcium oxychloride in the Ca(OH)2 CaCl2 H2O system. The temperature at which calcium oxychloride begins to form increases as the CaCl2 concentration increases, and it is not influenced by the [Ca(OH)2/CaCl2] molar ratio. Within the testing temperature range, the extent of reaction [the mass percentage of Ca(OH)2 consumed to form calcium oxychloride] increases as the CaCl2 concentration increases; the extent of reaction decreases as the [Ca(OH)2/CaCl2] molar ratio increases. The temperatures associated with the phase transitions are used to develop phase isopleths for the Ca(OH)2 CaCl2 H2O system for varying concentrations and molar ratios. These phase isopleths are integrated to form a ternary phase diagram of the Ca(OH)2 CaCl2 H2O system. The phase diagram provides a powerful tool to determine the phase transitions in the Ca(OH)2 CaCl2 H2O system as the [Ca(OH)2/CaCl2] molar ratio varies.
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