Direct hyperpolarization of micro- and nanodiamonds for bioimaging applications - Considerations on particle size, functionalization and polarization loss

Due to the inherently long relaxation time of C-13 spins in diamond, the nuclear polarization enhancement obtained with dynamic nuclear polarization can be preserved for a time on the order of about one hour, opening up an opportunity to use diamonds as a new class of long-lived contrast agents. The present communication explores the feasibility of using C-13 spins in directly hyperpolarized diamonds for MR imaging including considerations for potential in vivo applications. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.