Journal
ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL-JESTECH
Volume 17, Issue 2, Pages 95-103Publisher
ELSEVIER - DIVISION REED ELSEVIER INDIA PVT LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.jestch.2014.04.002
Keywords
Used cooking oil; Transesterification; Alkali metal; Rice husk silica; Pseudo-heterogeneous catalyst; Methyl ester
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Funding
- Ministry of Education Malaysia [RDU 121207, RDU 121208, RDU 131202, RDU 121402, PRGS 130303]
- Universiti Malaysia Pahang
- Government of East Borneo, Indonesia
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Investigation was conducted on three alkali metals (Li, Na, and K) supported by rice husk silica as catalysts for methyl esters production. A simple pseudo-heterogeneous transesterification process of used cooking oil with methanol was conducted to produce methyl esters using calcined alkali metal supported rice husk silica as a solid catalyst. Alkali metal silicate catalysts showed longer lasting activity than the traditional alkali catalysts. The optimum conditions for the process were: alkali metals silicate calcination temperature 500 degrees C, time 3 h; catalyst amount 3%; methanol to oil molar ratio 9: 1; and a reaction temperature of 65 degrees C. The process was able to transesterify oil to methyl esters in the range of 96.5-98.2% in 1 h for all series. The catalyst is able to tolerant free fatty acid and moisture up to 1.25% and 1.75%, respectively. The catalyst was easily separated from the reaction mixture by filtration and able to reuse six times. The final product met the selected biodiesel fuel properties in accordance with European Standard (EN) 14214. Copyright (C) 2014, Karabuk University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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