Journal
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Volume 218, Issue 3, Pages 388-397Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy160
Keywords
human papillomavirus; cutaneous; mucosal; oral infection; oropharyngeal cancer
Categories
Funding
- Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong [4054276]
- Research Grants Council of Hong Kong [ECS 2191114]
- Health and Medical Research Fund of Food and Health Bureau of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China [CU-15-C4]
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Background. Knowledge of the prevalence of and risk factors for oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, especially cutaneous types, is limited. Methods. A population-based study using next-generation sequencing consecutively recruited asymptomatic individuals aged 18-64 years from a proportional sampling of the general population of Hong Kong, according to age groups, gender, and regions of residence. We examined associations of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-HPVs from oral rinse samples with participants' sociodemographics by logistic regression models. Results. The prevalence of oral HPV infection among 1426 ethnic Chinese was 15.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 13.7%17.5%), 2.5% (95% CI, 1.8%-3.5%), 11.9% (95% CI, 10.3%-13.6%), and 2.9% (95% CI, 2.1%-3.9%) for any type, alpha-, beta-, and gamma-HPV, respectively. Prevalence of any high-risk HPV was 0.8% (95% CI, 0.4%-1.4%), and that of HPV-16 was 0.4% (95% CI, 0.2%-0.8%). HPV-8 and HPV-98 were the most common beta types detected, while HPV-4 and HPV-SD2R were the most common gamma types. Prevalence of alpha-and beta/gamma-HPV infection showed a similar pattern of increase with age, and was higher in men than women. Smoking, drinking, oral sex, and more sexual partners were associated with alpha-HPV. Teeth brushing before sleep was protective for beta/gamma-HPVs. Discussion. The epidemiologic factors associated with oral infection with alpha-HPVs are different from those of beta/gamma-HPVs, suggesting different modes of acquisition and persistence.
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