Journal
WORLD JOURNAL OF DIABETES
Volume 5, Issue 3, Pages 328-341Publisher
BAISHIDENG PUBLISHING GROUP INC
DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v5.i3.328
Keywords
Acylated ghrelin; Unacylated ghrelin; Insulin secretion; beta-cell functions; Insulin receptor signalling; Glucose homeostasis
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Funding
- Fonds de Recherche du Quebec en Sante
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Diabete Quebec
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Canadian Liver Foundation
- Fondation de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Quebec
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Ghrelin is a 28 amino acid peptide mainly derived from the oxyntic gland of the stomach. Both acylated (AG) and unacylated (UAG) forms of ghrelin are found in the circulation. Initially, AG was considered as the only bioactive form of ghrelin. However, recent advances indicate that both AG and UAG exert distinct and common effects in organisms. Soon after its discovery, ghrelin was shown to promote appetite and adiposity in animal and human models. In response to these anabolic effects, an impressive number of elements have suggested the influence of ghrelin on the regulation of metabolic functions and the development of obesity-related disorders. However, due to the complexity of its biochemical nature and the physiological processes it governs, some of the effects of ghrelin are still debated in the literature. Evidence suggests that ghrelin influences glucose homeostasis through the modulation of insulin secretion and insulin receptor signaling. On the other hand, insulin was also shown to influence circulating levels of ghrelin. Here, we review the relationship between ghrelin and insulin and we describe the impact of this interaction on the modulation of glucose homeostasis. (C) 2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
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