Journal
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 201, Issue 5, Pages 1359-1372Publisher
AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS
DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701217
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Funding
- American College of Rheumatology Research and Education Foundation Scientist Development Award
- National Institutes of Health [R37 AR40072, P30 AR053495, R01 AR068994]
- Lupus Research Alliance
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Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells are necessary for germinal center B cell maturation during primary immune responses; however, the T cells that promote humoral recall responses via memory B cells are less well defined. In this article, we characterize a human tonsillar CD4(+) T cell subset with this function. These cells are similar to Tfh cells in terms of expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR5 and the inhibitory receptor PD-1, IL-21 secretion, and expression of the transcription factor BCL6; however, unlike Tfh cells that are located within the B cell follicle and germinal center, they reside at the border of the T cell zone and the B cell follicle in proximity to memory B cells, a position dictated by their unique chemokine receptor expression. They promote memory B cells to produce Abs via CD40L, IL-10, and IL-21. Our results reveal a unique extrafollicular CD4(+) T cell subset in human tonsils, which specialize in promoting T cell dependent humoral recall responses.
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