Journal
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 201, Issue 1, Pages 145-156Publisher
AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS
DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701692
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31500149, 31570870, 81301428]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [2042017kf0221, 2042015kf0188]
- 973 Program of the National Basic Research Program of China [2014CB542603]
- Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province Innovation Group [2017CFA022]
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [TRR60, RTG1949]
- Foundation of Technology Bureau of Wuxi, China [CSE31N1712]
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Enterovirus 71 (EV71) induces significantly elevated levels of cytokines and chemokines, leading to local or systemic inflammation and severe complications. As shown in our previous study, microRNA (miR) 302c regulates influenza A virus-induced IFN expression by targeting NF-kappa B-inducing kinase. However, little is known about the role of the miR-302 cluster in EV71-mediated proinflammatory responses. In this study, we found that the miR-302 cluster controls EV71-induced cytokine expression. Further studies demonstrated that karyopherin alpha 2 (KPNA2) is a direct target of the miR-302 cluster. Interestingly, we also found that EV71 infection upregulates KPNA2 expression by downregulating miR-302 cluster expression. Upon investigating the mechanisms behind this event, we found that KPNA2 intracellularly associates with JNK1/JNK2 and p38, leading to translocation of those transcription factors from the cytosol into the nucleus. In EV71-infected patients, miR-302 cluster expression was downregulated and KPNA2 expression was upregulated compared with controls, and their expression levels were closely correlated. Taken together, our work establishes a link between the miR-302/KPNA2 axis and EV71-induced cytokine expression and represents a promising target for future antiviral therapy.
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