Journal
JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION
Volume 36, Issue 5, Pages 1059-1067Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000001652
Keywords
ambulatory blood pressure; blood pressure variability; cardiovascular events; clinic blood pressure; elderly; hypertension
Categories
Funding
- Australian Commonwealth Department of Health and Aging
- National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia [546272]
- Merck Sharp & Dohme, Australia
- NHMRC [546272, 1045862]
- Monash University, Australia
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Objectives:To explore the association of different types of blood pressure (BP) variability measures estimated from either short-term ambulatory reading-to-reading or long-term clinic visit-to-visit BP records with long-term survival in an elderly treated hypertensive population.Methods:A subset of patients (n=508) aged at least 65-years was studied from the Second Australian National Blood Pressure study. We estimated SBP and DBP BP variability as the SD of ambulatory (24-h, daytime, night-time) and clinic visit-to-visit BP directly from all corresponding on-treatment within-individual BP records. Ambulatory weighted day-night' variability was calculated as a weighted mean of daytime and night-time SD. Cox-proportional hazard models adjusted for baseline risk factors (Model 1) and corresponding on-treatment BP (Model 2) or average night-time SBP (best predictive BP measure for outcome) (Model 3) were used to determine the relationship between long-term outcome and BP variability.Results:Over a median of 10.6 years, 101 patients died from any cause, of which 51 deaths were cardiovascular. We observed increase in daytime' and weighted day-night' SBP/DBP variability was significantly associated with increased all-cause mortality in all models. For cardiovascular mortality, only weighted day-night' SBP variability significantly predicted risk in all models (Model 3 hazard ratio: 1.09, 95% confidence interval: 1.00-1.19, P=0.04). Long-term BP variability was not associated with any outcome. On direct comparison, both daytime' and weighted day-night' BP variability measures provided similar prognostic information.Conclusion:Short-term daytime' and weighted day-night' SBP variability from ambulatory BP recordings was a better predictor of mortality in elderly treated hypertensive patients than long-term BP variability from visit-to-visit BP recordings.
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