Journal
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
Volume 562, Issue -, Pages 703-711Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.05.032
Keywords
Bi-level programming; Data envelopment analysis; Cost efficiency; Water use; Wastewater treatment
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [71771157, 71301109]
- Soft Science Program of Sichuan Province [2017ZR0154]
- Funding of Sichuan University [skqx201726]
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project [2017M610609]
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Clean water is crucial for sustainable economic and social development; however, around the world low water use efficiency and increasing water pollution have become serious problems. To comprehensively evaluate water use and wastewater treatment, this paper integrated bi-level programming (BLP) and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) with a feedback variable to deal with poor output to rank DMUs using a super efficiency DEA. The proposed model was applied to a case study of 10 cities in the Minjiang River Basin to demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness, from which it was found that a water system can only be cost-efficient when both the water use and wastewater treatment subsystems are both cost-efficient. The comparison analysis demonstrated that the proposed model was more discriminating, and stable than traditional DEA models and was able to better improve total water system cost efficiencies than a BLP-DEA model.
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