Journal
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Volume 357, Issue -, Pages 457-465Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.06.031
Keywords
Pharmaceuticals; Ultrasound; Oxidation mechanisms
Categories
Funding
- MINECO [CTM2013-44317-R]
- BONUS CLEANWATER
- AUFF project advanced water purification
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Degradation of a diclofenac aqueous solution was performed using persulfate anions activated by ultrasound. The objective of this study was to analyze different parameters affecting the diclofenac (DCF) removal reaction by the ultrasonic persulfate (US/PS) process and to evaluate the role played by various intermediate oxidative species such as hydroxyl- and sulfate radicals, superoxide radical anion or singlet oxygen in the removal process as well as to determine a possible reaction pathway. The effects of pH, initial persulfate anion concentration, ultrasonic amplitude and temperature on DCF degradation were examined. Sulfate and hydroxyl radicals were involved in the main reaction pathway of diclofenac. Diclofenac amide and three hydroxy-diclofenac isomers (3'-hydroxy diclofenac, 4'-hydroxy diclofenac and 5-hydroxy diclofenac) were identified as reaction intermediates.
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