Journal
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
Volume 42, Issue 15, Pages 6502-6509Publisher
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1002/2015GL064604
Keywords
precipitation; remote sensing; cloud thermodynamic phase
Categories
Funding
- European Union in an ERC starting grant [306284]
- MACC-II [218793]
- collaborative project (MACC-III) [633080]
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A climatology of thermodynamic phase of precipitating cloud is presented derived from globalland and ocean, retrievals from Cloudsat, CALIPSO, and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer. Like precipitation rate, precipitation frequency is dominated by warm rain, defined as rain produced via the liquid phase only, over the tropical oceans outside the Intertropical Convergence Zone and by cold rain, produced via the ice phase, over the midlatitude oceans and continents. Warm rain is very infrequent over the continents, with significant warm rain found only in onshore flow in the tropics, and over India, China, and Indochina. Comparison of the properties of precipitating and nonprecipitating warm clouds shows that the scarcity of warm rain over land can be explained by smaller effective radii in continental clouds that delay the onset of precipitation. The results highlight the importance of ice-phase processes for the global hydrological cycle and may lead to an improved parameterization of precipitation in general circulation models.
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