Journal
JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING
Volume 219, Issue -, Pages 137-146Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.09.025
Keywords
Milk; Dielectric properties; UHT; Dielectric heating; Ash content
Categories
Funding
- European Union's Seventh Framework Programme [613732]
- Enthalpy and CERCA programme from Generalitat de Catalunya
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Dielectric properties are important for predicting dielectric heating of foodstuffs. The dielectric properties of three types of milk (raw, skimmed and concentrated non-fat) were analyzed at high frequencies between 10 MHz and 2450 MHz for producing temperatures between 20 degrees C and 150 degrees C. The study of cow milk dielectric constants (epsilon' and epsilon) at conditions above 100 degrees C is needed to evaluate dielectric sterilization of milk. The dielectric constant (epsilon') was found to decrease with frequency at all temperatures but increase with temperature at low frequencies and decrease with temperature at high frequencies. The dielectric loss factor (epsilon) decreased with frequency and increased with temperature in almost the entire range of frequencies. Ionic conduction was the dominant mechanism across most of the frequency range. For milk samples with higher ash content (related to salt content), epsilon' was higher at low frequencies and lower at high frequencies, whereas epsilon was higher for all frequencies. Penetration depth was lower for milk samples with higher ash content. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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