Journal
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
Volume 215, Issue 3, Pages 785-799Publisher
ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1084/jem.20171079
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Funding
- Division of Intramural Research of the NIAID
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute-Simons Foundation Faculty Scholar Award
- Burroughs Wellcome Fund Investigators in the Pathogenesis of Infectious Disease Award
- National Institutes of Health [R01 AI101018, R01 DK110174, DP1 DK113598]
- Cancer Research Institute
- European Molecular Biology Organization Long-Term Fellowship
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How defined microbes influence the skin immune system remains poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that Corynebacte-ria, dominant members of the skin microbiota, promote a dramatic increase in the number and activation of a defined subset of gamma delta T cells. This effect is long-lasting, occurs independently of other microbes, and is, in part, mediated by interleukin (IL)-23. Under steady-state conditions, the impact of Corynebacterium is discrete and noninflammatory. However, when applied to the skin of a host fed a high-fat diet, Corynebacterium accolens alone promotes inflammation in an IL-23-dependent manner. Such effect is highly conserved among species of Corynebacterium and dependent on the expression of a dominant component of the cell envelope, mycolic acid. Our data uncover a mode of communication between the immune system and a dominant genus of the skin microbiota and reveal that the functional impact of canonical skin microbial determinants is contextually controlled by the inflammatory and metabolic state of the host.
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