Journal
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
Volume 42, Issue 9, Pages 3179-3187Publisher
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1002/2015GL063093
Keywords
hydraulic fracture; acoustic emission; microseismicity
Categories
Funding
- Canada Foundation for Innovation
- Province of Ontario [0000302419]
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [0000300001]
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In this paper we present results from a series of laboratory hydraulic fracture experiments designed to investigate various components of the energy budget. The experiments involved a cylindrical sample of Westerly granite being deformed under various triaxial stress states and fractured with distilled water, which was injected at a range of constant rates. Acoustic emission sensors were absolutely calibrated, and the radiated seismic energy was estimated. The seismic energy was found to range from 7.02E-8% to 1.24E-4% of the injection energy which is consistent with a range of values for induced seismicity from field-scale hydraulic fracture operations. The deformation energy (crack opening) of the sample during hydraulic fracture propagation was measured using displacement sensors and ranged from 18% to 94% of the injection energy. Our results support the conclusion that aseismic deformation is a significant term in the hydraulic fracture energy budget.
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