Journal
JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
Volume 47, Issue 6, Pages 3307-3313Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s11664-018-6095-y
Keywords
Thermoelectric; energy harvesting; wearables; IoT; IoH; body heat
Categories
Funding
- Nano-Tera.ch
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Thermoelectric energy harvesting of human body heat might supplement or even replace conventional energy storage in wearable devices for healthcare and the Internet of Humans. Although a number of thermal harvesters are presented in the literature, no conclusive data can be found on the amount of available thermal energy provided by different individuals and activities. We here present the results of an observational study with 56 test subjects of different ages (children, adults and elderly) and gender, performing predefined activities (sitting, walking) in varying environments (indoor, outdoor). Our study showed a statistical difference of thermal potential and skin properties between age groups, but not between genders. On average, stationary elderly test subjects produced similar to 32% less heat flux compared to minors (mean: children = 13.9 mW/cm(2), adults = 11.4 mW/cm(2), elderly = 9.4 mW/cm(2)). This potentially correlates with an increase in thermal skin resistance with age (children = 494 cm(2) K/W, adults = 549 cm(2) K/W, elderly = 835 cm(2) K/W). The mean harvested power varied from 12.2 mu W/cm(2) (elderly) to 26.2 mu W/cm(2) (children) for stationary, and from 20.2 mu W/cm(2) (elderly) to 69.5 mu W/cm(2) (children) for active subjects inside of a building. The findings of this study can be used to better anticipate the available energy for different usage scenarios of thermal harvesters and optimize wearable systems accordingly.
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