Automated electron-optical system optimization through switching Levenberg-Marquardt algorithms

In the current study, we demonstrate an automated optimization method based on the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm for electron-optical systems, incorporating an adaptive merit function switching process that enhances minimization convergence. The algorithm is successfully applied to three energy spectrometer designs-a radial mirror analyzer, a parallel radial mirror analyzer, and a parallel magnetic sector analyzer-by first implementing practical modifications to the device geometries. We then optimize the key design parameters to yield good focusing optics. The robustness of the method towards starting configuration is also demonstrated. The procedure can greatly enhance efficiency in the design process of electron-optical systems.