Journal
BIORESEARCH OPEN ACCESS
Volume 3, Issue 4, Pages 137-149Publisher
MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC
DOI: 10.1089/biores.2014.0012
Keywords
aggregate formation; encapsulation; hydrogel; preconditioning; stem cells
Categories
Funding
- ERC
- FSU
- National Science Foundation [1342192]
- James King Biomedical Research Program [4KB09]
- Directorate For Engineering
- Div Of Chem, Bioeng, Env, & Transp Sys [1342192] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Stem cells have emerged as promising tools for the treatment of incurable neural and heart diseases and tissue damage. However, the survival of transplanted stem cells is reported to be low, reducing their therapeutic effects. The major causes of poor survival of stem cells in vivo are linked to anoikis, potential immune rejection, and oxidative damage mediating apoptosis. This review investigates novel methods and potential molecular mechanisms for stem cell preconditioning in vitro to increase their retention after transplantation in damaged tissues. Microenvironmental preconditioning (e.g., hypoxia, heat shock, and exposure to oxidative stress), aggregate formation, and hydrogel encapsulation have been revealed as promising strategies to reduce cell apoptosis in vivo while maintaining biological functions of the cells. Moreover, this review seeks to identify methods of optimizing cell dose preparation to enhance stem cell survival and therapeutic function after transplantation.
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