Journal
GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL
Volume 202, Issue 1, Pages 446-453Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/gji/ggv157
Keywords
Satellite geodesy; Radar interferometry; Magma chamber processes; Calderas; Remote sensing of volcanoes
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Funding
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
- President's and Director's Fund Program
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Lying below Vatnajokull ice cap in Iceland, Bardarbunga stratovolcano began experiencing wholesale caldera collapse in 2014 August 16, one of the largest such events recorded in the modern instrumental era. Simultaneous with this collapse is the initiation of a plate boundary rifting episode north of the caldera. Observations using the international constellation of radar satellites indicate rapid 50 cm d(-1) subsidence of the glacier surface overlying the collapsing caldera and metre-scale crustal deformation in the active rift zone. Anomalous earthquakes around the rim of the caldera with highly nondouble-couple focal mechanisms provide a mechanical link to the dynamics of the collapsing magma chamber. A model of the collapse consistent with available geodetic and seismic observations suggests that the majority of the observed subsidence occurs aseismically via a deflating sill-like magma chamber.
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