Predictors of Side Effects With Long-Term Oral Appliance Therapy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Study Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the predictors of dental changes associated with long-term treatment with oral appliances (OAs) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods: This was a retrospective study to investigate Japanese patients with OSA receiving long-term treatment with OAs. Comparisons of cephalometric analysis were carried out between the initial and follow-up assessments of dental and skeletal changes. Based on dental changes, predictors that may cause side effects were investigated. Results: A total of 64 patients (average age at start of treatment: 57.7 +/- 14.2 years, 44 males) were included in this study. The average duration of treatment was 4.3 +/- 2.1 years. Over the total treatment period, there was a significant reduction in overjet (OJ) (1.5 +/- 1.3 mm) and overbite (0.90 +/- 1.5 mm), and an increase in the lower incisor line to the mandibular plane (3.1 +/- 5.4 degrees). A larger reduction in OJ of >= 1 mm was associated with treatment duration, use frequency, and mandibular advancement of the OAs. In addition to these predictive factors, the number of teeth was correlated with the amount of OJ reduction. Conclusions: For long-term treatment with OAs, the risk of dental side effects should be considered, such as a reduction in OJ. A small number of maxillary teeth, as well as the factors associated with OAs, including treatment duration, use frequency, and mandibular advancement of the OAs, was correlated with an increased rate of OJ reduction.