Journal
CRANIOMAXILLOFACIAL TRAUMA & RECONSTRUCTION
Volume 7, Issue 3, Pages 175-189Publisher
THIEME MEDICAL PUBL INC
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1372521
Keywords
intracranial cartoid artery trauma; extracranial carotid artery trauma; blunt carotid artery trauma; penetrating carotid artery trauma; internal carotid artery; endovascular repair; open repair
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With increased awareness and liberal screening of trauma patients with identified risk factors, recent case series demonstrate improved early diagnosis of carotid artery trauma before they become problematio. There remains a need for unified screening criteria for both intracranial and extracranial carotid trauma. In the absence of contraindications, antithrombotic agents should be considered in blunt carotid artery injuries, as there is a significant risk of progression of vessel injury with observation alone. Despite CTA being used as a common screening modality, it appears to lack sufficient sensitivity. DSA remains to be the gold standard in screening. Endovascular techniques are becomingmore widely accepted as the primary surgicalmodality in the treatment of blunt extracranial carotid injuries and penetrating/blunt intracranial carotid lessions. Nonetheless, open surgical approaches are still needed for the treatment of penetrating extracranial carotid injuries and in patients with unfavorable lesions for endovascular intervention.
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