Journal
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 38, Issue 4, Pages 513-526Publisher
SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
DOI: 10.1007/s10875-018-0512-0
Keywords
Immunodeficiency; GATA2; influenza A virus; H1N1; immunological memory
Categories
Funding
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministry of Health [FIS PI13/01456, FIS PI16/00759]
- European Regional Development Fund-European Social Fund, FEDER-FSE
- National Center for Research Resources and the National Center for Advancing Sciences (NCATS) [8UL1TR000043]
- National Institutes of Health [5R01NS072381]
- St. Giles Foundation
- French National Research Agency under the Investments for the Future program [ANR-10-IAHU-01]
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases [ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID]
- ANR [ANR2014-IEIHSEER, ANR2016-GENMSMD]
- INSERM, Paris Descartes University
- Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad [FI 11/00593]
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The pathogenesis of life-threatening influenza A virus (IAV) disease remains elusive, as infection is benign in most individuals. We studied two relatives who died from influenza. We Sanger sequenced GATA2 and evaluated the mutation by gene transfer, measured serum cytokine levels, and analyzed circulating T- and B-cells. Both patients (father and son, P1 and P2) died in 2011 of H1N1pdm IAV infection at the ages of 54 and 31 years, respectively. They had not suffered from severe or moderately severe infections in the last 17 (P1) and 15 years (P2). A daughter of P1 had died at 20 years from infectious complications. Low B-cell, NK- cell, and monocyte numbers and myelodysplastic syndrome led to sequence GATA2. Patients were heterozygous for a novel, hypomorphic, R396L mutation leading to haplo-insufficiency. B- and T-cell rearrangement in peripheral blood from P1 during the influenza episode showed expansion of one major clone. No T-cell receptor excision circles were detected in P1 and P3 since they were 35 and 18 years, respectively. Both patients presented an exuberant, interferon (IFN)-gamma-mediated hypercytokinemia during H1N1pdm infection. No data about patients with viremia was available. Two previously reported adult GATA2-deficient patients died from severe H1N1 IAV infection; GATA2 deficiency may predispose to life-threatening influenza in adulthood. However, a role of other genetic variants involved in immune responses cannot be ruled out. Patients with GATA2 deficiency can reach young adulthood without severe infections, including influenza, despite long-lasting complete B-cell and natural killer (NK) cell deficiency, as well as profoundly diminished T-cell thymic output.
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