Journal
FOODS
Volume 3, Issue 3, Pages 511-526Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/foods3030511
Keywords
food pathogens; rapid identification; molecular recognition; detection methods; labelling; antibody chips; lab-on-a-chip
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Funding
- Italian project Strumenti Innovativi per il Miglioramento della Sicurezza Alimentare [S.I.Mi.S.A. PON_02.00186]
- Italian project Conoscenze Integrate per la Sostenibilita ed Innovazione Agroalimentare (C.I.S.I.A.)
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Food pathogens frequently cause foodborne diseases. There is a need to rapidly identify the source of the bacteria in order to contain their spread and epidemics. A pre-enrichment culture or a direct culture on agar plate are standard microbiological methods. In this review, we present an update on alternative molecular methods to nucleic acid-based detection for species identification. Biosensor-based methods rely on the recognition of antigen targets or receptors by antibodies, aptamers or high-affinity ligands. The captured antigens may be then directly or indirectly detected through an antibody or high-affinity and high-specificity recognition molecule. Various different detection methods are discussed, from label-free sensors and immunosensors to fluorescence-based ones. Each method shows advantages and disadvantages in terms of equipment, sensitivity, simplicity and cost-effectiveness. Finally, lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices are introduced briefly, with the potential to be fast, sensitive and useful for on-site bacteria detection in food processing laboratories to check potential contamination by sample monitoring combined with a rapid pre-enrichment step.
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