Random amplified polymorphic DNA reveals that TiO2 nanoparticles are genotoxic to Cucurbita pepo

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are used in cosmetics, sunscreens, paints, and toothpaste, among other applications. These NPs are very stable and can be transported and dispersed in wastewater and biosolids. Animal species have shown negative reactions to TiO2 NPs. However, little is known about their toxicity in plants, specifically the possibility of genotoxic effects. In this study, we used a random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique to study the genotoxic effects of TiO2 NPs on hydroponically cultivated zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) plants. Seeds were allowed to germinate for 7 d and plants were selected at random for individual and population studies. Four plants were selected for the individual study and 18 for the population study. RAPD profiles of TiO2 NPs treated plants showed differences in band intensity, loss of bands, or appearance of new bands, compared to untreated plants. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of the genotoxic potential of TiO2 NPs in zucchini.