Concentration of whey protein from cheese whey effluent using ultrafiltration by combination of hydrophilic metal oxides and hydrophobic polymer

BACKGROUNDIn this study, hydrophilic metal oxides such as TiO2, ZrO2 and ZnO were used as modifier for the preparation of polyethersulfone (PES) mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) for the filtration of cheese whey effluent. Nano metal oxide loading concentration was varied from 0.5 to 2.5wt%. RESULTSCharacterization of metal oxide studies show that the particles are hydrophilic and nanoscaled. ZnO nanoparticles are in the form of nanocluster and of size 14.28-20.10nm. Physio-chemical characterization of PES MMMs indicated that the nano metal oxides dispersed well in the PES matrix. Contact angle decreased up to 59.88 degrees for 1.5wt% TiO2 embedded PES (TiO(2)ePES) MMMs. Also, 1.5wt% TiO(2)ePES MMMs gives a higher water permeability of 4.62x10(-7) m s(-1) kPa(-1). Among membranes, 1.5wt% TiO(2)ePES, 2.0wt% ZrO(2)ePES and 1.5wt% ZnOePES MMMs showed better flux, lower percentage fouling and better rejection for individual whey proteins. CONCLUSIONThe whey protein from cheese whey effluent was concentrated up to maximum of 43.9mgL(-1) using 2.0wt% ZrO(2)ePES MMMs. It was found that 1.5wt% TiO(2)ePES MMMs gives a higher average flux of 25.09Lm(-2) h(-1) and a lower flux reduction percentage of 39%. (c) 2018 Society of Chemical Industry