A collagen based cryogel bioscaffold coated with nanostructured polydopamine as a platform for mesenchymal stem cell therapy

Cryo-hydrogels (cryogels) are polymer hydrogels formed at sub-zero temperatures. Bioscaffolds created from cryogels have interconnected macropores which allow for cell migration, tissue-ingrowth, unhindered diffusion of solutes and mass transport of therapeutics. In this study, we developed collagen based cryogel bioscaffolds and coated them with polydopamine using a simple two-step technique. Cryogel bioscaffolds were synthesized by collagen crosslinking at -20 degrees C and exhibited a macroporous interconnected architecture with 75%+/- 3% porosity. Two groups of pore sizes were observed: 300 +/- 50 mu m and 30 +/- 10 mu m in diameter. The addition of a polydopamine coating to cryogel bioscaffolds was confirmed using composition analysis. This resulted in a 41%+/- 5% decrease in water uptake, 81%+/- 10% decrease in swelling rate and 12%+/- 3% decrease in their degree of dissolution (p<0.05), with a 48%+/- 2% increase in stiffness and 57%+/- 5% increase in compressive strength (p<0.05). Seeding adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) into polydopamine coated-cryogel bioscaffolds resulted in cells demonstrating a 52%+/- 4% increase in viability and 33%+/- 3% increase in proliferation when compared to AD-MSCs seeded into uncoated-cryogel bioscaffolds (p<0.05). In summary, our novel polydopamine coated-cryogel bioscaffold represents an efficient and low-cost bioscaffold platform to support MSC therapies. (c) 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 2213-2228, 2018.