4.6 Article

Haploid embryonic stem cells can be enriched and maintained by simple filtration

Journal

JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
Volume 293, Issue 14, Pages 5230-5235

Publisher

AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.RA118.002029

Keywords

embryonic stem cell; CRISPR; Cas; cell sorting; cell biology; embryo; diploidization; FACS; filtration; haploid embryonic stem cells; haploidy

Funding

  1. Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2014CB964803]
  2. National Natural Science Foundation of China [31530048, 81672117, 31730062]
  3. Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDB19010204, OYZDJ-SSW-SMC023, KJZD-EW-L13]
  4. Facility-Based Open Research Program
  5. Shanghai Municipal Commission for Science and Technology [16JC1420500, 17JC1400900, 17JC1420102, 17411954900]

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Mammalian haploid embryonic stem cells (haESCs) serve as a powerful tool for genetic analyses at both the cellular and organismal levels. However, spontaneous diploidization of haESCs limits their use in these analyses. Addition of small molecules to the culture medium to control the cell cycle can slow down diploidization, but cell-sorting methods such as FACS are still required to enrich haploid cells for long-term maintenance in vitro. Here, acting on our observation that haploid and diploidized cells differ in diameter, we developed a simplified filtration method to enrich haploid cells from cultured haESCs. We found that regular cell filtration with this system reliably maintained the haploidy of mouse haESCs for over 30 passages. Importantly, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout and knockin were successfully achieved in the filtered cells, leading to stable haploid cell lines carrying the desired gene modifications. Of note, by injecting haESCs into metaphase II oocytes, we efficiently obtained live mice with the expected genetic traits, indicating that regular filtration maintained the functional integrity of haESCs. Moreover, this filtration system was also feasible for derivation of mouse haESCs from parthenogenetic haploid blastocysts and for human haESC maintenance. In conclusion, we have identified a reliable, efficient, and easy-to-handle technique for countering diploidization of haploid cells, a major obstacle in haESC applications.

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