Speed of internationalization: Conceptualization, measurement and validation

To better manage and understand the speed at which firms internationalize, managers and scholars need an appropriate conceptualization and a reliable and valid measure of speed of internationalization. The literature, however, adopts a limited temporal perspective and usually conceptualizes and measures it as the time it takes the firm to start to internationalize. This unidimensional view neglects the central aspects of internationalization that create speed. Our purpose is, therefore, to propose a new, theory-driven - embedded in the main concepts of the original Uppsala model - and multidimensional conceptualization and operationalization. The main contribution is that we develop this conceptualization and measure. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.