Vaccines and vaccination against fowl typhoid and pullorum disease: An overview and approaches in developing countries

In poultry, host-specific Salmonella infections cause fowl typhoid and pullorum disease, which are severe systemic diseases of chickens that result in severe problems and high mortality and produce economic losses in developing countries. Fowl typhoid and pullorum disease have reemerged in recent years in developing countries, and birds of any age can be infected. Developing countries have established sanitary measures and official programs to prevent and control both diseases; however, there are cyclic or seasonal outbreaks related to disease management. An overview of the current situation and future perspectives regarding live attenuated vaccines against fowl typhoid and pullorum disease are discussed.